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European Jounalism Journalism is the craft of conveying news, descriptive material and opinion via a widening spectrum of media. These include newspapers, magazines, radio and television, the internet and even, more recently, the mobile phone. Journalists serve as the chief purveyors of information and opinion in contemporary mass society.
Europe is the the spiritual home of journalism. It is where it began in the 18th century with the arrival of f mechanized printing. Johann Carolus' Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien, published in 1605 in Strassburg, is often recognized as the first newspaper. The first successful English daily, The Daily Courant, was published from 1702 to 1735[4] From informal beginnings, stimulated by the arrival of mechanized printing�in due course by mass production and in the 20th century by electronic communications technology�today's journalistic enterprises include large corporations with global distribution that include newspapers, television and the Internet. The formal status of
journalism has varied
historically and, still varies
vastly, from country to country. The modern state and
hierarchical
power structures in general have
tended to see the unrestricted flow of information as a potential
threat, and inimical to their own proper function. Hitler described
the Press as a "machine for mass instruction," ideally, a "kind of
school for adults." [2] Journalism at its most vigorous, by
contrast, tends to be propelled by the implications at least of the
attitude epitomized by the Australian journalist John Pilger:
"Secretive power loathes journalists who do their job, who push back
screens, peer behind façades, lift
rocks. Opprobrium from on high is their badge of honour." |
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